Chapter 3 - Chemistry Matter and Change - Chloroplasts

Chapter 3 - Chemistry Matter and Change - ChloroplastsChapter three of Chemistry Matter and Change looks at the role of chloroplasts in this book. The relationship between chemistry and biology is something that we are all taught at school. Chemists learn that the building blocks of matter have chemical units that fit together in specific ways. While these units have a natural order, there is an inherent relationship that exists between them.Chloroplasts are examples of organic molecules that occur naturally in plants. They play a significant role in the biological system by providing the raw material that plants use to produce organic compounds that plants use to build tissues, bones, hair, and skin. For plants, chloroplasts play a role that is similar to that of cells within our bodies, providing the raw material necessary for a cellular function.As mentioned above, chloroplasts play a role similar to that of the mitochondria found in the cell nucleus. In fact, mitochondria play a similar role in our body, but they do not require chloroplasts to survive.Chloroplasts supply nutrients to the plant. Chloroplasts are located in the outer parts of the leaf where light is available to photosynthesis. The energy from sunlight provides the power needed to help the chloroplasts perform their normal role of carrying nutrients.Chloroplasts also play a role that we can think of as being somewhat analogous to that of a skeleton within the body. They provide mechanical support and aid in the circulation of nutrients through the leaves.As chloroplasts work on behalf of the chlorophyll molecules that they carry around the leaf, they take in minerals that are needed to facilitate the survival of the plant. By taking in food, the chloroplasts help makeup for the loss of certain minerals from the leaves that are not used to provide the needs of the plant.In this chapter, we've seen the relationship between chemistry and biology. Chloroplasts form the basis of a cell, both in pl ants and in our own bodies. We've also discussed the role of chloroplasts in a human body.

Pros and Cons of Immigrants Learning English

Pros and Cons of Immigrants Learning EnglishIn the recent years, there has been a lot of research conducted to evaluate the pros and cons of immigrants learning English in Canada. Immigrants to Canada have been given a chance to enhance their language skills and learn to speak English, which is not common for native Canadians. This has been good for Canada as a country because the immigrants make good citizens. Not only that, the immigrants themselves have benefitted from the English learning program.Immigrants, who study English here will have a good career here. They will get employed on the job, have a nice and prosperous future and can even be respected in the business world. They also have a better life because they are able to speak English better than the natives and thus, they are able to converse with natives better. They will be able to be accepted in the local culture as well. They are also more receptive to the newcomers, who can speak their native language.Immigrants to Canada have to complete an interview by the immigration department of Canada. The immigration officers will consider the applicant's race, income, education, employment history, age, health status, business background, etc., and will give you an estimate of whether or not you should be considered for the visa.It will be easier for immigrants to adjust to their new environment if they have a basic knowledge of the native language. This will help them to adapt easily to the society, where they will have to learn more about it. While natives learn how to say greetings, immigrants will have to learn new words to say and new words that will be unfamiliar to them. In other words, it is important to learn how to converse properly and know how to use the tools and facilities available.When you have successfully learned the language, the immigrants will be more cooperative and give more support when it comes to the social life of Canada. They will also be more productive because they will no t worry about spending their time in meetings and speeches because they have already learned the basics of the new language. There will be less chances of making mistakes and if there are, it will be to their advantage. After all, your accent, manners and physical gestures will still remain the same in English as in your native language.Immigrants are more likely to settle in the country because they will not face discrimination. It will not matter if you are black, white, American, British, Canadian, or European. You will feel comfortable and that is important to survive in a foreign country. The customs and rules of the country will not affect your immigration application.There are many benefits in being an immigrant to Canada. But, it is important to also remember that being immigrants does not mean that you do not belong in Canada will welcome you. The positive things that can come out of the immigration of immigrants are a great opportunity for everyone.

Privacy Policy - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Privacy Policy - Introvert Whisperer Privacy Policy At Introvert Whisperer, we take your privacy and the processing of your personal data very seriously. Therefore, we have prepared this Privacy Notice where we describe our contact details, information regarding what personal data we process and what rights you have towards us and how you may defend them. Always feel free to contact us if you have any questions about our processing of personal data or this Privacy Notice. Name of the company: Introvert Whisperer Country of operation: US E-mail address: dorothy@introvertwhisperer.com Phone number: 503 2601657 â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" What is personal data? “Personal data” is any information relating to an identifiable or identified person (you as a user). Personal data which we handle Your personal data may only be processed by us with your given consent, when it is necessary for the performance of a contract to which you are a party, or when it is necessary for our compliance with a legal obligation. The processing of the personal data, the specific purposes for the processing, the legal basis for the processing, and for how long we store your personal data, is described below. Name We may process your name, in order to address you in emails and in communication. The processing is based on your consent and we will retain the data for as long as you are registered on our website, or until you withdraw your consent. Email Address Your email address may be processed by us for communication on updates, delivery of your ordered courses, tracking referrals, and for login purposes. The processing is based on your consent and retain the data for as long as you are registered on our website or until you unsubscribe from our mailing list, or until you withdraw your consent. When you have subscribed to our mailing list, your email address will be input into our email service provider MailChimp for use by us to email you information from Introvert Whisperer.  Your information will not be shared. Phone number You may opt to provide us with your phone number. The processing is always based on your consent and we will retain the data for as long as you are registered on our website or until you withdraw your consent. Payment details When you place an order for our services, you will be directed to the third-party payment service provider PayPal. No payment details are processed by us, but we refer to PayPal’s privacy policy for your management of your personal data kept with them. Event registration details We organize virtual events (webinars), and will therefore process your event registration details, such as date. Your event registration details will be kept securely with us for as long as you are registered on our website. Motivation/challenges When you seek to participate on our coaching programs, we may ask for and process details of your motivation and challenges. This processing is necessary for us to determine if you are fit for our coaching and training and how we best can serve you as a customer. The processing is necessary for the purposes of legitimate interests for us and the data will be retained securely with us. Automatic deletion after your inactivity Regardless of the above, all personal data which we process regarding you will be automatically erased by us when you have not been active on our website for three years. The exception is personal data processed based on your consent, such as when you have subscribed to our newsletter. Third-party websites When using our site, you may be directed to third-party websites beyond our sphere of influence. We are not responsible for the content or the privacy policy on such other sites. â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" Summary of your rights towards us: You as a user have the possibility to claim several rights towards us. Such rights are listed here and thereafter described in detail below. You find our contact details at the top of this Privacy Notice. â€" Right to be forgotten â€" Right to withdraw consent â€" Right to access â€" Right to rectification â€" Right to restriction of processing â€" Right to data portability â€" Right to object â€" Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority Right to be forgotten You have the right to request that we delete any personal data that we process about you. We will delete the data as soon as possible, but at least within one month’s time. If the personal data is needed for fulfillment of our contractual duties towards you or to preserve it with legal ground, we will however not delete the information until the data is no longer needed. We will also, without your explicit demand, delete such personal data that we have collected but do not longer have a lawful right to process. We will inform you about this, if it would occur. Right to withdraw consent You have the right to withdraw your given consent at any time. If you do so, we will erase such personal data which is not subject to any other legal ground than your given consent. The erasure will be done as soon as possible. Please note that your withdrawal of consent does not oblige us to erase personal data which is processed based on a contractual relationship or any other legal ground. Right of access You have, at any time, the right to receive confirmation from us as to whether personal data concerning you are being processed. You have also the right to access that personal data and to receive the following information: a) The purposes of the processing b) The categories of personal data concerned c) The recipients or categories of recipients to whom personal data have been or will be disclosed d) The envisaged period for which the personal data will be stored or the criteria used to determine that period e) The existence of automated decision-making and profiling Right to rectification You have, at any time, the right to demand us to correct any inaccurate personal data within a month’s time. You have also the right to complete incomplete personal data, taking into account our purposes of the processing, by the means of providing a supplementary statement. Right to restriction of processing You have, instead of demanding us to delete any data, the right to demand us to restrict our processing of your personal data. This may be achieved if a) You have reason to believe that the accuracy of the personal data is not correct, and the restriction shall be in place during a period that allows us to verify the accuracy of the personal data b) The processing is unlawful but you don’t want us to delete the personal data c) We no longer need the personal data for the purposes of the processing, but they are required by you for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims d) You have objected to processing concerning profiling or automated decision-making, whereby a restriction shall be obtained during the period when we assess whether our legitimate ground for the processing override your legitimate ground. Data portability You have the right to retrieve the personal data which we process about you and that you have provided to us. You have also the right to demand that we transmit such personal data to another data controller if the personal data is collected based on your consent or if the processing of the personal data is carried out by automated means by us, if we deem it technically feasible. Right to object You have the right to object, on grounds relating to your particular situation, at any time to processing of personal data concerning you. Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority You have, at any time, the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority regarding our processing of your personal data. Regardless of where we carry out our business, even if it would not be in the member state, which is your country of residence, you have the right to lodge your complaint to your national supervisory authority. â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" â€" About this Privacy Notice With regard to the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (“GDPR”), we must disclose what personal data we collect and process about you, and for what purposes. In this Privacy Notice, you find all such information that we are obliged to inform you.

Why online tutors have an edge over Absolute Value Calculator and 2 Step Equation Calculator

Why online tutors have an edge over Absolute Value Calculator and 2 Step Equation Calculator 0SHARESShare No doubt Absolute Value Calculator and 2 Step Equation Calculator works faster than the human brain as it provides you with the auto generated result. Still learning the different methods of mathematics and solving various equations makes one engaged like a play. Involve yourself into this enthusiastic play and fetch the help of online tutors to play and win. The Mathematics â€" Absolute Value and 2 Step Equations It is a mode of learning at a prior stage and slowly you will be inclined towards it. Brainstorming and practising it makes mind calculative and smarter. Finding the absolute values and Calculating 2 step equations creates a great zeal into learning. Students need to comprehend the method and get started. The Human Brain The human brain is the principal calculator. These calculators are basically a branch of enormous inventions primed by human brain. Thus solving the equations with accuracy and rapid speed is possible. This ultimately makes the human brain more sharp, crisp and competitive than before. Absolute Value Calculator and 2 Step Equation Calculator               The calculators provide with the auto-generated result. Hence no learning involved. Students set back in the area of expertise of mathematics. Online tutors Online tutors guide different methods and procedures to solve the mathematical equations. Learning the techniques involves students with a great zeal. Students start solving the equations in an accurate manner. Thus their brains become sharper and competitive through proper learning and brainstorming. Learning maths is no more troublesome. You just need to grab the guidance of online tutors. [starbox id=admin]

How to Choose Your First Semester of College Courses

How to Choose Your First Semester of College Courses As soon as you begin college, you will discover a new sense of freedom. For the first time, you can chooseyour classes as well as when you take them. However, this freedom can also negatively impact your graduation schedule if you do not choose wisely. Here are several tips to keep in mind as your freshman year approaches and you choose your first semester of college courses. Understand course restrictions Items like prerequisites are often clearly described in your course guide or on your registration website. You may also have a minimum and/or maximum number of credit hours you can enroll in. Note these restrictions as you plan your first semester of college courses. Here are some great tips you may find useful on how to prepare for college classes. Select an academic strategy Certain students prefer to immediately register for classes in their major, while others prefer to finish their general requirements first. Regardless of major, you must complete courses in subjects like economics, English, foreign language, history, math, and science. However, you may have flexibility in when you choose to do so. Consider first taking classes in your major With this strategy, you can quickly determine if you truly enjoy the subject. You are also free to begin meeting professors and students in your major, as well as to become involved in clubs and professional organizations immediately. This may help you earn internships and real-world experience more quickly. This is some great information on picking a major early in college. Or consider first completing your general requirements Certain students prefer to finish their general requirement courses as soon as possible. If you opt for this route, you will be eligible for most higher-level classes sooner. This can allow you to think about your major without wasting time taking courses you will not need (if you change your major). If you are 100% certain about your major, it may be best to enroll in those classes right away. You can then start working toward your first internship and job. But if you are still deciding, start with your general requirements, and join as many clubs as you can. With clubs, you can learn about different career paths without taking full courses. Understand class schedules Most general requirements are offered each semester or quarter. However, some higher-level classes are only available during certain semestersand only if you pass specific requirements first. It is very important to flag the courses you will need for your major and to have a general idea of when you will complete them. Many students do not graduate on time simply because they thought they could take their final class during the spring semester, only to realize that it is exclusively offered in the fall. Keep your evenings free It may be tempting to sleep late every day by schedulingyour first semester of college courses for the afternoons. However, some students prefer to keep their evenings free to join clubs and professional organizations. Clubs can be one of the most critical aspects of your college education, as you can explore real-world work and network with professionals in your field. It is very easy to become involved with clubs, and you may even meet new friends. These are are few popular campus jobs that can help you explore college majors. Work with your academic advisor Your advisor will be able to answer your questions and help you determine your curriculum each year. He or she may also be able to recommend professors, extracurricular activities, or even tutorsif you need extra academic assistance with a particular course.

4 Financial Aid Tips for Students

4 Financial Aid Tips for Students Navigating financial aid options can be one of the most daunting parts of applying to college. Yet, its often a necessary part of the application process, whether or not you need help paying for college through financial aid. Some financial aid tips for students include understanding how you apply for aid and identifying what kinds of loans are offered, as well as making sure you are educated on all financial aid opportunities available to you. The various financial aid options for students include: Loans - money that must be paid back Scholarships - money that must be earned through some kind of qualifying factor Work-study - access to part-time, on-campus work opportunities Grants - money gifted to you that does not need to be paid back Read on for more detailed financial aid tips for students applying to college: Financial Aid Tip #1: Get all the appropriate information and paperwork Its necessary to complete some paperwork in order to receive financial aid of any type. If you do not complete any financial aid forms, you will not learn whether or not you qualify for aid. Every type of aid has its own qualifying factors, which can include your parents income level, your high school grades, and your standardized test scores. So, even if youre not sure whether you will qualify for financial aid, its important to apply and find out. Financial Aid Tip #2: Look into FAFSA as soon as you can Some of the most well-known and widely available form of financial aid is federal assistance provided by the U.S. government. Students apply for this kind of aid using FAFSA, or the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, which is available online and should be completed with the help of a parent or legal guardian. Completing this form will help determine whether or not you qualify for loans, scholarships, grants, and work-study opportunities. [RELATED: 3 Questions to Ask Your College About Financial Aid] You can start working on and filing your FAFSA, for free, as soon as October 1st each year. Prior to 2016, the initial FAFSA filing date had been January 1st. Take advantage of this new early date and begin filling out your FAFSA as soon as possible. This helps free up your time as the application process progresses, and it helps you determine what kind of aid you qualify for earlyand you can use that information to help shape your college decision. Financial Aid Tip #3: Know the difference between direct subsidized and unsubsidized student loans If you complete a FAFSA, chances are you will qualify for one or two types of federal loans. It is important to know the differences between direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans. Subsidized loans are loans where the government pays the interest, while they do not pay the interest on unsubsidized loans. In short, taking a subsidized loan means you will only have to pay back the government the exact balance of the loan you took. On the other hand, if you take an unsubsidized loan, you will have to pay back the exact balance of the loan you took as well as any accumulated interest. The longer you take to pay back your unsubsidized loans, the greater your accumulated interest will be. This difference is important to understand before you accept or decline any aid. Financial Aid Tip #4: Talk with your guidance counselor about financial aid opportunities One of the best places to learn more about your financial aid options is through your high schools guidance office. Schedule an appointment to sit down with your counselor and discuss your financial situation and college options with him or her. Your counselor can recommend scholarship opportunities you may wish to check out, as well as scholarships offered by the colleges youre interested in. He or she may also be able to recommend colleges with work-study programs that can make paying for college easier. Any topics you want to know more about? Let us know! The Varsity Tutors Blog editors love hearing your feedback and opinions. Feel free to email us at blog@varsitytutors.com.

Spanish History at a Glance

Spanish History at a Glance The History of Spain ChaptersSpain During the Antiquity: Roman HispaniaThe Medieval Period between Muslims and ChristiansModern Spanish History: Colonialism and DecadenceContemporary Spanish History: From Franco to DemocracyThe history of Spain is full of events including Catholic monarchies and civil wars that have made the country one of the richest in terms of history. From Andalusia to Cantabria, the Iberian Peninsula has gone through some turbulent times to get to where it is today.As you probably know, the history of Europe wouldn’t be what it is today with the role played by Spain, especially during the time of the Holy Roman Empire.In this article, we’re summarising the entire history of Spain from the colonisation of the area by Phoenicians during the Antiquity to Franco’s dictatorship during the modern era and all the important dates in between. TadeoSpanish Teacher 5.00 (2) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AnnickSpanish Teacher 5.00 (6) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all o ur tutors PeterSpanish Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LowriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (8) £90/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MartaSpanish Teacher 5.00 (6) £22/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SharonSpanish Teacher 5.00 (2) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors TanyaSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Jose manuelSpanish Teacher £14/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsSpain During the Antiquity: Roman HispaniaSpain was populated by Neanderthals during the Lower Paleolithic era but it wasn’t until the 2nd millennium BCE that it was populated by Phoenicians and Greeks. During this time, Celts populated the north of Spain.There are still a lot of Roman ruins in Spain like the Roman amphitheatre in Mérida, Extremadura. (Source: Luisfpizarro)Let’s jump forward to the 3rd century BCE when the Carthaginians, weakened by the Punic War against Rome, started to expand their territories. Thus, Hamilcar Barca founded Barcelona.He was defeated by the Romans but his son Hannibal took the helm and took back Saguntum in 219 BCE, starting the Second Punic War. Rome would win this war and the subsequent spoils. Rome founded the city of Italica in Spain in 206 BCE.Spain, which was called Hispania at the time, was completely Roman apart from a number of indigenous peoples. In 77 BCE Pompey was put in charge before Caesar Augustus was named governor.It wasn’t until 19 BCE that Spain was integrated and became one of the provinces of Rome. This large territory was administered without too many problems and Hispania was studied and mapped by historians.By the 5th century, the Roman Empire was under thread from the Goths. The Visigoths were the first to penetrate Spain in 415. These populations were regularly in conflict with Rome.In 475, the Visigoth Euric received Spain and part of Gaul from Romans wishing for peace. This, along with the fall of Ravenna in 476 would lead to the fall of the Roman Empire.Thus, by the end of the Antiquity, Spain was under Visigoth rule. The Barbarians had gained control of the Iberian territory.Find out more in our quick guide to Spain.The Medieval Period between Muslims and ChristiansIn 477, the Visigoths became the masters of Spain. While their approach was based on war, they did provide a certain level of security during the time they occupied Spain.Medieval Spain, like elsewhere in Europe, was constantly a battlefield which led to the construction of many castles. (Source: jackmac34)At the start of the 6th century, the Visigoths were driven from Southern Gaul by Clovis and were solely concentrated in Spain. They ceded the South of Spain to the Byzantine Empire in 554.The Goths were followers of Arianism. The main difference between Arianism and Christianity is that the Arians believe that Jesus was a human that possessed some divinity, a demigod of sorts. In 587, the Visigoth king Reccared I abandoned Arianism and converted to Christ ianity.654 was an important year for the Visigoths as they published the Liber Ludiciorum, or the Visigothic Code, the first set of laws in the Visigoth Kingdom.The end of the Visigoth Empire came in 711 after a defeat to the Saracens. This is when there was a time of independent Spanish kingdoms, a time that would last until 1474.The Arab conquest was stopped in Poitiers in 732 by Charles Martel. They decided to settle in Spain.One of the first Muslim kingdoms was created in Cordoba in 756 and ruled by Abd Al-Rahman I. The Kingdom of Pamplona, which was occupied in 476 by Visigoths, was occupied by Moors in the 8th century until 778 when they were driven out by Charlemagne.The Reconquista was launched in Spain by Alfonso III (conquering Porto in 868 and Coimbra in 878) and carried on by his descendants such as the Count of Castile Diego Rodríguez Porcelos.However, Arab victories led to the creation of a caliphate in Cordoba led by Abd Al-Rahman III. Salamanca was retaken by the Ar abs in 941 and they even ransacked Barcelona in 985 and Santiago de la Compostela in 997. In fact, the latter was destroyed in 1022 by Al-Mansur.In 1031, Ferdinand I of Leon and Castile annexed Leon and in 1055, they started the Reconquista of Muslim kingdoms. In 1072, Alphonse VI was the king of Leon and Castile. He later became the king of Toledo and Galicia through conquest and heritage. Thus, the Spanish kingdom was slowly reuniting.Alphonse VI counted on El Cid, Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, as Prince of Valencia from 1094 for five years. The city was retaken in 1102 by Almoravids who reunified Muslim Spain in 1103.Of the 12th-century Muslim victories, the most notable include Ucles (1108), Zaragoza (1111), and Barcelona (1114).From 1118 onwards, the Christians started taking back territory. In 1128, Portugal gained its independence but it wouldn’t be until 1139 that it’d get its first king, Alphonse I.The Muslim and Christian kingdoms battled regularly during the 13th century. H ere are some of the major victories for Castile and Aragon.1229: Majorca1235: Ibiza1236: Cordoba1238: Valencia1246: Jaen1248: Seville1265: Murcia1282: SicilyThe Medieval Era in Spain ended with a complete victory for the Catholics with their heads of state being Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, major figures in Spanish history.You can also improve your Spanish by watching the best Spanish series.Modern Spanish History: Colonialism and Decadence1492 wasn’t just the year where the Reconquista ended. This is also the year in which the sovereigns of Castile and Aragon financed Christopher Columbus’ expedition. He’d land on the island of Hispaniola at the end of the year.While public opinion of Christopher Columbus is shifting, he remains an important part of Spanish history. (Source: eminens)The Spanish empire also continued to expand, starting a golden age for the Spanish. In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, splitting the new world in two.T he same year, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon were given the titles of Catholic Queen and King respectively by Pope Alexander Vi. Isabella died in 1504 after a long and fruitful reign. She left behind her Joanna of Castile, also known as Joanna the Mad, who was incapable of leading. Ferdinand took control of the kingdom.When he died in 1516, it was Charles I of the Habsburgs. In 1519, as Cortes was landing in Chalchiuhcuecan in Mexico, the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire died, leaving Charles I (of Spain) to become Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire.The next year, the Spanish left the Aztec Capital Tenochtitlan, following a revolt from the natives. The Spanish spoke of the Aztecs with quite some disgust.If they couldn’t educate them, they would have to force them. In 1521, Tenochtitlan was taken by Cortes. Cortes returned to Spain a hero having pillaged and massacred local populations.The reign of Charles V included a number of important events:His rivalry with Franci s I of France.His conflicts and alliances with Henry VIII.His marriage to Isabella of Portugal, giving him sovereignty over the territory.The loss of lands to the Antipope Clement VII during the Western Schism.The conquest of the Incan capital, Cuzco, by Pizarro.The revolution in the Netherlands, which was quelled by the Spanish and Pragmatic Sanction.His retirement towards the end of his life, leaving Phillip II in charge.It wasn’t until 1561 that Madrid became the capital of Spain.The modern era was marred by several conflicts with France, Spain, the Dutch Republic, and the Ottoman Empire. The Unsinkable Armada was also sunk in 1589 by the English!The 17th century was a period of decline for Spain after the death of Phillip II even though the arts (including Cervante’s Don Quixote) continued to thrive. In terms of economy, diplomacy, and politics, Spain was weakened.It wouldn’t be until the end of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) that Spain found its feet with P hillip V. However, Spanish sovereigns could no longer claim crowns to other countries. The 18th century included economic growth and international trade.Find out more about other famous Spaniards.Contemporary Spanish History: From Franco to DemocracyThis era started with a counterrevolutionary war between Spain and France. However, the Spanish were quickly overrun by Napoleon who occupied the peninsula from 1808 to 1814.Modern Spain as a democracy has only existed for less than half a century! (Source: papagnoc)The 19th century was rife with political instability in Spain and regular coups d’état. The first republic was unsuccessful, lasting just two years between 1873 and 1875. The result was a parliamentary democracy which lasted until 1923 when Primo de Rivera led a coup d’état.This was also the same year that General Franco was named commander of the Spanish foreign legion.Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship lasted between 1923 to 1930. Censorship, institutions under the cont rol of the army, and the suppression of parliament: all authoritarian tactics that inspired Mussolini’s regime. Primo de Rivera wanted to restore Spanish society, boost the country’s economy, and install a strong sense of nationalism.However, his dictatorship was considered too soft and the populace tired of it. The 1929 economic recession was the final nail in the coffin for the regime. Primo de Rivera stepped down in 1930 and died a few weeks later in exile.A fragile 2nd Republic was put in place in 1931 and it seemed full of promise following several important social reforms. However, political and ideological division and a disastrous economy led to violence in 1936.In 1936, Franco led a group of nationalists. On 1st October, Franco declared himself “Caudillo” and began in a civil war against “Red Spain”. In 1937, he unified the nationalist political parties under his banner.Thanks to nationalist and Christian propaganda as well as the support of Nazi Germany and Fas cist Italy, Franco won the war in 1939 and became the leader of Spain:“Generalísimo Francisco Franco, Caudillo de España por la Gracia de Dios”His regime lasted for 36 years. It was an authoritarian autocracy which was paradoxically quite open to the rest of the world. His goals included economic modernisation, a common tactic of modern dictators.In 1975, Franco died, allowing the Spanish royal heir, Juan Carlos, to retake the throne. In collaboration with his prime minister, Adolfo Suárez, he led a transition towards democracy between 1976 and 1982. The democratic Spain we know today is actually very young!You should now know more about the history of this great country and the events that took place on its soil.To learn more about the subject, consider learning Spanish with a Spanish tutor and checking out our other articles on Spain, learning Spanish, listening to Spanish music, and getting ready to travel to Spain.

Online Ratios and Rates Tutors

Online Ratios and Rates Tutors Rates ratio is one of the very useful concept in Math. The rate is defined as the ratio between two different quantities. Ratio is the quantitative comparison between the given quantities. Therefore the rate ratio is where two different quantities are compared. Some examples for the rate ratio are centimeter per minute written as cm/min; kilometers per second written as km/sec. Example 1: A vehicle A can cover a distance of 50 miles in 2 hours. Another vehicle B covers 45 miles in 3 hours. Find who travels faster. A travels with the speed (distance per time ratio i.e. miles travelled per hour) = 50 miles/ 2 hours = 25 miles/ hours. B travels with the speed (distance per time ratio i.e. miles travelled per hour) = 45 miles/ 3 hours = 15 miles/ hours. Comparing the speeds, miles / hour ratio for A and B i.e. 25 miles / hour and 15 miles / hours gives A has greater speed. Hence A has greater speed = 25 miles/hour. Example 2: Jack can cycle a distance of 18 miles in 3 hours. John can covers 28 miles in 4 hours by cycling. Find who travels faster. Jack travels with the speed (distance per time ratio i.e. miles travelled per hour) = 18 miles/ 3 hours = 6 miles/ hours. John travels with the speed (distance per time ratio i.e. miles travelled per hour) = 28 miles/ 4 hours = 7 miles/ hours. Comparing the cycling speeds for Jack and John. Hence John has greater speed = 7 miles/hour.